A good driver is always constantly critically observing the road ahead and using their skill to anticipate the effect of any potential hazards on their progress, and reacting accordingly before the need to brake sharply. However the unexpected can still happen and knowing how to brake safely in an emergency will ensure you stop safely and remain in full control of your vehicle.
One aspect of import when braking is to try to maintain a straight line. If you weave or corner during a braking situation the rear end of the car will be lighter than the front. This can make a situation of skidding or spinning. At the very least your tyres will have more demand on them, affecting their grip and your control of the situation.
If there is ever a need to use heavy brakes when you go around a curve, you should apply the brakes gently and progressively allowing the transfer of weight to be less on the front and control to remain in your hands.
All or most cars manufactured today have ABS or anti lock braking system. This system is designed to help keep control and stability in your hands when you have to brake heavily, even on curves. There are limitations with the ABS system.
When you a brake heavily the ABS system can detect the point at which the wheels are starting to lock up, it then automatically releases the brakes for a fraction of second to prevent this happening. This process is repeated hundreds of times a second and occurs considerably quicker than the speed at which a normal driver could achieve.
ABS establishes a situation in which the wheels will continue to revolve, without locking up, when heavy braking is needed. It allows steering to remain in your control, the tyres to grip the road, and you to avoid any danger.
The effect of ABS can normally be felt as a gentle pulsing through the brake pedal or by a distinct grinding sound. Its important that if you hear or feel these signs that you do not lift of the brake, but instead continual the heavy braking to ensure you stop in the shortest distance whilst making maximum use of the ABS.
ABS is highly effective for heavy or emergency stopping needs. It will keep you protected and controlled. Still, anti lock braking systems cannot defy physics if you are driving too fast or hit a slippery patch.
If need to brake harshly then, if possible, you should warn the other drivers behind you by switching on your indicator bulbs. It is also worth considering carrying a spare bulbs kit in your vehicle so that if, for example, a tail light bulb has blown it can been changed quickly and easily.